![]() When Sun He succeeded Sun Deng as the new crown prince, he was supported by Lu Xun and Zhuge Ke, while his rival Sun Ba ( 孫霸) was supported by Quan Cong ( 全琮) and Bu Zhi and their clans. ![]() It was not until May 229 that he formally declared himself emperor.Īfter the death of his original crown prince, Sun Deng, two opposing factions supporting different potential successors slowly emerged. In November 222, he declared himself independent by changing his era name. At first Sun Quan nominally served as a Wei vassal with the Wei-created title of King of Wu, but after Cao Pi demanded that he send his son Sun Deng as a hostage to the Wei capital Luoyang and he refused. In late 220, Cao Pi, King of Wei, Cao Cao's son and successor, seized the throne and proclaimed himself to be the Emperor of China, ending and succeeding the nominal rule of the Han dynasty. Allied with Liu Bei and employing the combined strategies of Zhou Yu and Huang Gai, they defeated Cao Cao decisively at the Battle of Red Cliffs. Eventually, Sun Quan decided to oppose Cao Cao in the middle Yangtze with his superior riverine forces. One, led by Zhang Zhao, urged surrender whilst the other, led by Zhou Yu and Lu Su, opposed capitulation. Two distinct factions emerged at his court on how to handle the situation. In winter of that year, the northern warlord Cao Cao led an army of approximately 220,000 to conquer the south to complete the reunification of China. In early 207, his forces finally won complete victory over Huang Zu, a military leader under Liu Biao, who dominated the middle Yangtze. Thus throughout the 200s, Sun Quan, under the tutelage of his able advisers, continued to build up his strength along the Yangtze River. His administration proved to be relatively stable in those early years as Sun Jian and Sun Ce's most senior officers, such as Zhou Yu, Zhang Zhao, Zhang Hong ( 張紘), and Cheng Pu ( 程普) supported the succession. When Sun Ce was assassinated by the retainers of Xu Gong ( 許貢) in 200, the 18-year-old Sun Quan inherited the lands southeast of the Yangtze River from his brother. After Sun Jian's death in the early 190s, he and his family lived at various cities on the lower Yangtze River, until Sun Ce carved out a warlord regime in the Jiangdong region, based on his own followers and a number of local clan allegiances. Sun Quan was born while his father Sun Jian served as the adjutant of Xiapi County. He is sometimes portrayed as neutral considering he adopted a flexible foreign policy between his two rivals with the goal of pursuing the greatest interests for the country. Unlike his rivals Cao Cao and Liu Bei, Sun Quan was much younger than they were and governed his state mostly separate of politics and ideology. He declared formal independence and ruled from November 222 to May 229 as the King of Wu and from May 229 to May 252 as the Emperor of Wu. He inherited control of the warlord regime established by his elder brother, Sun Ce, in 200. ![]() Sun Quan ( pronunciation ⓘ, Chinese: 孫權) (182 – 21 May 252), courtesy name Zhongmou ( 仲謀), posthumously known as Emperor Da of Wu, was the founder of the Eastern Wu dynasty, one of the Three Kingdoms of China. Sun's name in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
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